Web Site of the Department

Head of Department: Ayfer Hortacsu

Professor: Sema Sakarya

Associate Professor: Emine Nur Gunay, Arzu Tektas

Assistant Professors:Elif Alakavuk, Nisan Selekler Goksen, Asli Deniz Helvacioglu, Ayfer Hortacsu, Abdulmecit Karatas, Hande Tezolmez

Instructors:Lutfi Ayguler*, Ahmet Celebiler*, Resit Ergener*,Mehtap Isik, Zeynep Karas, Esra Orhon*, Oktay Ozinci*, Zeynep Ozkan*, Ferdi Tongsir*, Gozde Erhan Unal, Yuce Uyanik*, Ozlem Yildirim Oktem.

*Part-time

The Department of International Trade Curriculum is designed to meet the needs of students moving into positions of international responsibility. The interdisciplinary nature of the program prepares students as future business professionals who can function effectively in the dynamic and complex environment of the global marketplace.

The academic program gives the students a solid background in the disciplines of marketing, economics, finance, management, service management, quantitative analysis, and communication technology in addition to specialization courses in international business, and a second foreign language other than English. Since some of the specialization courses such as export-import management, international transportation and logistics, and international trade project are simultaneously carried out in the field and at the university, students have the opportunity to work within a company environment tying together both academic knowledge and practical skills.

The elective specialization courses offered during the senior year of the program are designed to complete the education of the students according to their individual interests within specific fields related to international business.

The requirements for the four-year program leading to the Bachelor of Arts Degree in International Trade are a total of minimum 152 credit hours of course work along with 70 workdays of summer training.

The graduates of the Department of International Trade can claim significant competence related to trade operations in the international arena.

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

TOTAL: 152 credits

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

INTT 111 Economics I (Ekonomi I) (3+0+0) 3
Basic concepts of microeconomics; demand, supply, competitive equilibrium, elasticity, price controls, the consumption decision, production and costs, technological change. Market structures. Factors of production, determination of wages and return on capital.

INTT 112 Economics II (Ekonomi II) (3+0+0) 3
Basic concepts of macroeconomics; the measurement and structure of national economy, productivity, output and employment. Consumption, saving, investment and the government sector. The money supply process, prices and inflation. Fiscal and monetary policies in a closed economy. Institutional determination of wages and unemployment. Business cycle analysis.

INTT 121 Business Mathematics I (Isletme Matematigi I) (3+0+0) 3
Basics of algebra; functions; systems of linear algebraic equations; matrices and determinants. Limits and continuity. The derivative and its applications; curve sketching; applications to business problems.

INTT 122 Business Mathematics II (Isletme Matematigi II) (3+0+0) 3
Methods of integration, applications of definite integration, area under the curve. Sequences and infinite series, tests for convergence, power series, Taylor's formula. Partial derivatives and its applications, Lagrange multipliers; applications to business problems.
Prerequisite: INTT 121.

INTT 125 Information Systems For Trade (Ticarette Bilgi Sistemleri) (3+1+0) 3
Overview of information systems in the new world of business and importance of information systems. Introduction to computer hardware, software, networks, flowcharting, evolution of programming languages, office packages (word and excel) and web programming. Concepts and management of information technologies and information systems, strategic information systems, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and information technology. Network computing, the Internet and different applications. Electronic Commerce; definitions, history, scope, telecommunications. Managing information resources; the information systems department in the organization, security and the role of control in protecting information systems, and contingency planning for information systems.

INTT 132 Management and Organizations (Yonetim ve Organizasyon) (3+0+0) 3
Principles of managerial practices, planning, organizing, directing, controlling, decision making; classical and modern approaches to management; environment and managerial culture.

INTT 142 Legal Environment of Business (Ticari Isletme Hukuku) (3+0+0) 3
Concept of law; state and constitution, state organs and their rule making powers; different legal systems; legal transactions, contracts; commercial law and companies, commercial papers; labor law. Fundamental principles of international law; international organizations; multinational corporations.

INTT 191 Commercial Communications (Ticari Iletisim) (3+0+0) 3
Writing skills for trade communications; academic and business report writing; business letters; proposals; oral communication; communication technology; communicating in a global market place.

INTT 203 Financial Accounting (Finansal Muhasebe) (3+1+0) 3
The accounting information system; the recording process, the trial balance, year-end adjustments, measurement of income; financial statements (income statement, balance sheet), the worksheet; detailed study of current assets (cash, receivable and inventory accounts), long lived assets; liabilities, and owners' equity; statement of cash flow.

INTT 204 Managerial Accounting (Yonetim Muhasebesi) (3+1+0) 3
Cost concepts and classifications, systems design; job order costing, process costing; cost-volume-profit relationships; profit planning: flexible budgets; control of decentralized operations; non-manufacturing job costing; project costing, pricing of services.
Prerequisite: INTT 203.

INTT 211 International Trade (Uluslararasi Ticaret) (3+0+0) 3
Microeconomic aspects of international economics; introduction to international economic theory and policy. Classical, neoclassical and contemporary theories of international trade; empirical evidence from real life. Comparative advantage, gains from trade. Commercial policies, tariffs, the terms of trade and income distribution, international factor movements. Regional economic issues, trade policies and their implications for advanced and developing countries including Turkey.
Prerequisite: INTT 111.

INTT 212 Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade (3+0+0) 3
(Kambiyo Rejimleri ve Dis Ticaret)
Macroeconomic aspects of international economics; the balance of payments accounting and the foreign exchange market. Exchange rate determination, exchange rate regimes, effects on imports and exports. International monetary system, global interdependence and their implications on a nation's welfare.
Prerequisite: INTT 112.

INTT 227 Applied Statistics I (Uygulamali Istatistik I) (3+0+0) 3
An introduction to uses and abuses of statistics; frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and variance; basics of probability; probability distribution of discrete and continuous random variables; Binomial, Poisson, normal, exponential distributions; sampling methods and estimation; usage of computer packages in applications.

INTT 241 International Economic Law (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ekonomi Hukuku)
Legal aspects of international trade; international institutions regulating international trade, World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT); legal aspects of international monetary system, IMF, World Bank; balance of payments, SDR-EURO; international regulation of foreign investments; protection of foreign investments; settlement of disputes between foreign investors and states.
Prerequisite: INTT 142 or consent of instructor for non INTT students.

INTT 252 Principles of Marketing (Pazarlama Prensipleri) (3+0+0) 3
Core concepts of marketing, marketing management, marketing organizations, marketing environment and the characteristics of the consumer and organizational markets and case studies.

INTT 253 Export - Import Management (Ihracat Ithalat Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3
The course is designed to prepare students for the ever-changing environment of international trade. Topics include company policies towards exports, investigating and choosing export markets, international trade terminology, import-export risks, pricing and payment methods, export-import organization, logistics and financing. Topics are covered in class and within a company environment assigned by the department.

INTT 276 Risk and Insurance (Risk ve Sigorta) (3+0+0) 3
The problem of risk, risks of the insurer and the individual, risk handling by insurance contracts; lines of insurance such as property and liability insurance, transportation insurance, marine insurance, insurance and service guarantees, social insurance; basic principles in international insurance.

INTT 321 Quantitative Analysis and Applications (3+0+0) 3
(Kantitatif Analiz ve Uygulamalar)
Introduction to modeling concepts and quantitative techniques as tools for decision-making. Models and applications on linear programming and sensitivity analysis, transportation, assignment, goal programming, network models; project analysis and evaluation; use of decision support software packages in applications.
Prerequisite: INTT 122.

INTT 322 Operations Analysis and Planning (3+0+0) 3
(Operasyon Analizi ve Planlama)
Operations analysis and management; trends in operations management; operations strategy; decision theory, qualitative and quantitative forecasting; operation flows and processes; management of technology; waiting lines; simulation; operations planning; capacity planning; manpower planning; inventory planning. Use of decision support software packages in applications.
Prerequisite: INTT 321.

INTT 323 Research Methodology (Arastirma Yontemleri) (3+0+0) 3
Quantitative and qualitative research techniques emphasizing their applications in trade; population and sampling methods, data sources, survey research, data gathering techniques, tabulation and data analysis.
Prerequisite: INTT 228.

INTT 331 Management of Human Resources (3+0+0) 3
(Insan Kaynaklari Yonetimi)
Management of human resource in service enterprises and the problems of service management as it relates to the nature of services.
Prerequisite: INTT 132.

INTT 341 International and European Union Commercial Law (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Hukuk ve Avrupa Birligi Hukuku)
International law; international commercial contracts; documentation in international business transactions; payments methods; supranational integration; legal system of European Union; supremacy of the European Union law; regulatory powers of the Union organs.
Prerequisite: INTT 142 or consent of instructor for non INTT students.

INTT 356 International Transportation and Logistics (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ticaret Lojistigi ve Ulasim)
Structure of international physical distribution. Trade terms, modes of transportation. Foreign freight forwarder. Packing, marking and shipping. Use of documents required by transportation carriers, domestic and foreign government agencies. Transportation insurance. Free trade zones and free ports. Logistics, interdependence of physical distribution activities. Effects of environment on physical distribution costs. Benefits of various physical distribution systems.

INTT 358 Services Marketing (Hizmet Pazarlamasi) (3+0+0) 3
Marketing function with special emphasis on the requirements of service organization. Application of marketing concepts, methods and techniques in the service industries. Distinctive aspects of services marketing. Marketing strategy and the marketing management process for the services exchange. The marketing mix; creating and delivering services, service quality; costs and pricing for services; communicating and promoting services; management of the customer service function; organization, implementation and control of the marketing effort. Innovative marketing strategies for services. Internationalization of services.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 362 Economic Integration and the European Union (3+0+0) 3
(Ekonomik Entegrasyon ve Avrupa Birligi)
Determinants of global trade flows, patterns of industrial competition and government policies affecting international trade. The process of economic and political integration in the world and in Europe and the related economic benefits and costs. Institutional Economics of the European Community, customs union, common market and monetary union. The coordination, implementation of economic policies and enforcement of Community Law on sectors: Case studies of agriculture, manufacturing, energy, services, transportation.
Prerequisites: INTT 211, INTT 341.

INTT 377 Introduction to Finance (Finansa Giris) (3+0+0) 3
Financial analysis, financial markets and institutions, time value of money, valuation, capital budgeting, cost of capital and capital structure.
Prerequisite: INTT 203.

INTT 378 Trade Financing (Dis Ticaret Finansmani) (3+0+0) 3
Short-term and long-term trade credits, credit risks and credit arrangements; open accounts, letters of credit, import/export drafts, bankers' acceptances, and trust receipts, understanding of the foreign exchange market, international trade and foreign exchange risks.
Prerequisite: INTT 377.

INTT 402 Taxation in International Trade (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ticarette Vergilendirme)
Taxation regulations and practices faced by international firms (corporate tax, income tax, value added tax and tariffs) tax refunds; tariffs in free zones; taxation in Customs Union operations; provisional importation; taxation in cross-border leasing; double taxation.
Prerequisite: INTT 241.

INTT 410 Economic History of Turkey (Turk Ekonomi Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
History of incentive measures for the encouragement of industry, investment and foreign exchange generating activities, foreign capital policy, the effects of these policies, history of foreign trade policy; exchange rates, tariffs, subsidies, tax refunds, the development of Turkish foreign trade, tourism policy, small business policy, development of Turkish maritime trade, importance of development plans in promoting commerce and industry.

INTT 411 Economies of Turkey's Trading Partners (3+0+0) 3
(Turkiye'nin Ticari Iliskide Bulundugu Ulkelerin Ekonomileri)
Developing countries and development, role of trade in development and the experience of Australia and Northern Europe; import substitution and export promotion and the experience of selected Latin American and Southeast Asian countries; economic integration and development, EU and the economies of selected EU countries, free zones and off-shore banking and the experience of Hong-Kong, Bahrain and Turkey; exchange rates and the experience of USA and Japan. Islamic countries and their economic relations with Turkey.
Prerequisites: INTT 111 and INTT 112.

INTT 413 International Trade and Economic Development (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ticaret ve Ekonomik Kalkinma)
Process of industrial development and alternative development strategies; inward-oriented and outward-oriented development policies, their effects on exports, employment and growth. Critical analysis of Trade Liberalization policies in selected developing countries. Trade Liberalization process and growth performance from an international perspective for Turkey; import substitution policies during the 1970s, trade and exchange rate liberalization, reforms in the agricultural and state enterprise sectors. Growth prospects for the Turkish economy in the European Union and role of trade policies.
Prerequisites: INTT 211, INTT 212.

INTT 414 Region Studies (Bolge Incelemeleri) (3+0+0) 3
Study of the selected regions for trade strategy objectives; manpower and natural resource endowments of regions, relationships between economic structure and such economic factors as capital accumulation and level of technology, relations between economic activities and the cultural and ethnographic structure of human groups, the comparative advantages of countries and regions due to the economic strength arising from these factors, regional integration efforts and international commercial activities, rural-urban shifts.

INTT 416 Economic History of Europe (Avrupa Ekonomi Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
Life and the economy before the Industrial Revolution: the rise and fall of the manorial system, the prudent peasant and open fields, the growth of labor productivity in early modern English agriculture, the efficiency and distributional consequences of eighteenth century enclosures. The Industrial Revolution; demand vs. supply, the demographic transition, life in France and England, the standard of living debate and consumption. Governmental response to the Industrial Revolution; child labor and the Factory Acts, the myth of British free trade and fortress France. Industrialization beyond Great Britain; the late nineteenth century, the world economy in the twentieth century.
Prerequisites: INTT 111, INTT 112.

INTT 423 Games and Cases in Operations Management (3+0+0) 3
(Oyunlarla Operasyon Yonetimi)
Use of computer games for solving strategic and operational problems in business. Integration of various quantitative and qualitative techniques for developing a solution. Supported by related cases.
Prerequisite: INTT 322.

INTT 432 Management of Change (Degisim Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3
Monitoring environmental challenges and anticipating future needs. Change in theory and practice. Concepts and techniques involved in implementing and managing the planned change process. Project management and the politics of change. Communication of change in ideas, practices and products. Administering change and the management of competition. Patterns of strategic change.

INTT 433 Business Ethics (Is Ahlaki) (3+0+0) 3
Creation of sensitivity and awareness for ethical issues in decision making. Emphasis on ethical dilemmas in the global business environment. Global initiatives and codes of conduct. Moral responsibility of corporations; rights and responsibilities of stakeholders. Institutionalization of ethics in business organizations. Information technology and ethics. Study of ethically controversial cases with reference to different stakeholders and ethical theories.

INTT 434 Business Development and Entrepreneurship (3+0+0) 3
(Girisimcilik ve Is Tasarimi)
Various aspects of starting, operating, and expanding the owner-managed business. Each student prepares a business plan for a new company for which financing is sought. The integration of financial planning, marketing, accounting and organizational problems in a well-written proposal for financing is emphasized.
Prerequisite: Senior standing or consent of instructor.

INTT 435 Strategic Management (Stratejik Yonetim) (3+0+0) 3
Concepts and tools for formulating and implementing strategies particularly in the context of international trade and investment; use of these tools to study the industrial environment, to predict competitive actions and to analyze how firms develop and sustain competitive advantage.
Prerequisite: Senior Standing

INTT 436 International Management (Uluslararasi Yonetim) (3+0+0) 3
The international dimensions of management. Topics include internationalization of the firm, industry globalization and trade, international strategy frameworks, strategy implementation requirements, management of relationships with nation states, cross-cultural management and international human resource management.
Prerequisite: INTT 132.

INTT 450 International Retailing and Franchising (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Perakendecilik ve Franchising)
Internationalization process of retailing. Opportunities and threats in international retailing. Entry modes and strategies of foreign international retailers. Internationalization process of Turkish retailers. Franchising and its effects on the development of retail business in developing markets. Franchisor-franchisee relationship, product/trade mark franchising, business format franchising, franchise disclosure statements. Retail audit. Merchandising, communications, pricing, location issues.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 452 International Sales and Negotiations (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Satis ve Muzakere Stratejileri)
Strategy and tactics of distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation. Awareness building for effective negotiation style. Negotiating in sales of goods and services. Negotiating in different business settings, ie., personnel disputes, mergers, acquisitions, alliances, joint ventures, coalitions. Distributor network and account relationship management. Relativistic dimension of business negotiation tactics and strategies in different regions and countries of the world.
Prerequisites: INTT 132 and INTT 252.

INTT 453 Integrated Marketing Communications (3+0+0) 3
(Butunlesik Pazarlama Iletisimi)
Study of communication between service suppliers and buying centers in national and international markets. Promotion in implementing marketing strategy. Promotion policy and planning; use of advertising, personal selling, publicity and sponsorship as promotion tools.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 455 International Marketing Channels (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Dagitim Kanallari)
Cross country survey of marketing channel structures. Distribution trends in World Markets; public policy toward distribution in developed and less developed countries. Channel planning and control for the international marketer. Marketing through distributors in foreign markets vs. marketing through firms own presence. Channel objectives and constraints, and channel structure alternatives for consumer and industrial products in international markets. Multinational retailing and wholesaling. International channel innovation and channel strategy for new market entry.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 456 Networking and Relationship Marketing (3+0+0) 3
(Baglilik Pazarlamasi ve Dayanisma Aglari)
Identifying types of networks, contracts, strategic alliances, consortia, joint ventures; differential advantages in networking; dynamics of network management; building collaborative relationships with buyers, suppliers, distribution channel members, internal functions and competitors.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 457 Customer Behavior (Alici Davranisi) (3+0+0) 3
Buyer behavior and decision making for both consumer and organizational markets. Understanding and prediction of market place behavior and customer satisfaction. Buyer behavior principles to guide the analysis of and decision making for target markets.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 459 International Marketing (Uluslararasi Pazarlama) (3+0+0) 3
Global marketing management. Cultural, political, economic and legal framework of international marketing. Regional market characteristics. International marketing information systems and research. Choice of international markets. Formulating international marketing strategies. Alternatives for entry and positioning, competitive analysis. International marketing mix decisions. Organization and control for international marketing operations.
Prerequisite: INTT 252.

INTT 460 International Trade Strategy (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ticaret Stratejisi)
Management challenges facing international trade firms. Business strategies, organizational structures and the role of government in the global trade environment. Special attention to the challenges of developing and implementing global market development strategies when industrial structures and government policies differ. Efficacy of networks and strategic alliances. Implications for trade policy and global management of trade. Case problems presented by senior trade company executives covering organization, planning, policy formulation, communication and control.
Prerequisite: Senior Standing.

INTT 462 International Organizations (Uluslararasi Orgutler) (3+0+0) 3
The structure and activities of such international organizations as United Nations (ILO, UNESCO, ECOSOC) OECD, GATT, IMF and World Bank Group with special emphasis on the role of these organizations on international business.

INTT 463 International Relations (Uluslararasi Iliskiler) (3+0+0) 3
The evolution of the nation-state system, the operation of balance of power, deterrence, coercion, conflict, diplomacy, crisis management, and the role of international law and institutions in inter-state relations.

INTT 466 Electronic Commerce (Elektronik Ticaret) (3+1+0) 3
A critical review and analysis of electronic commerce, with emphasis on multidisciplinary aspects and team projects. Technology infrastructure for electronic commerce, examples of web-based businesses, economics and business models of the Internet. Internet security, social, legal, ethical and public policy issues of e-commerce. Business plan creation for a web-based operation. Designing, developing and applying web-based business projects in a simulated business environment by project teams.
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

INTT 468 Strategic Market Management (Stratejik Pazar Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3
Development, evaluation and implementation of business strategies for successful management. Customer, competitive, market, environmental and performance analysis. Identification and selection of strategies based on sustainable competitive advantages, strategy identification and selection.
Prerequisite: INTT 358.

INTT 472 Corporate Financial Analysis (Sirketlerin Mali Analizi) (3+0+0) 3
Evaluation of the financial performance of companies; analysis and interpretation of financial statements; planning future financial performance; tools of financial control; financial management of growth.
Prerequisite: Senior Standing.

INTT 473 International Financial System and Institutions (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Finans Sistemleri ve Kuramlari)
The development and operation of financial markets, institutions and instruments in the world as well as Turkey; conduct of monetary policy, central banking, structure of banking industry in Turkey; competition and financial liberalization program; non-bank financial institutions and their role in the financial system; regulation and internationalization of the financial markets.
Prerequisite: INTT 377.

INTT 475 Risk Management for Cash Products (3+0+0) 3
(Nakit Ürunler için Risk Yonetimi)
The cash products, market factors affecting their prices; management of the associated risks: Financial instruments and market factors; liquidity management; price risk management, organizational structure for risk management.
Prerequisites: INTT 228, INTT 377.

INTT 476 Risk Management for Derivative Products (3+0+0) 3
(Turev Ürunler için Risk Yonetimi)
The derivation products, market factors affecting their prices; management of the associated risks. Interest rate derivative products; foreign currency derivatives, options.
Prerequisites: INTT 228, INTT 377.

INTT 480 International Trade Project (Uluslararasi Ticaret Projesi) (3+0+0) 3
Students work on a specific project carried out within a company environment. The topic covers a firm's understanding of a foreign market and evaluation of the feasibility of exporting or setting up a local subsidiary. The topic must be a live trade problem and must be approved by the academic advisor and company advisor.
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

INTT 481-489 Special Topics in International Trade (3+0+0) 3
(Uluslararasi Ticarette Ozel Konular)
An overview of the international trade education. Actual markets and high growth rate sectors are examined. Topics vary by semester and at discretion of instructor and student demand. Guest speakers from the business world help students to relate theory and practice. Each student carries out an independent study, guided by an instructor and a research project is prepared using the knowledge acquired during the previous courses. Presentation of project is also required.
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

SUMMER TRAINING (Yaz Staji)
The internship provides students with the opportunity to work within a company environment for a total of 70 workdays.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE (Yabanci Dil) 3
Students will take a total of 18 credit hours of a second foreign language other than English for a degree in International Trade Department.

Web Site of the Department

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Contact Information Bogazici University 34342 Bebek, Istanbul Tel: 0212 359 54 00