Web Site of the Department

Head of Department: Edhem Eldem

Professors: Gunhan Danisman, Selim Deringil, Edhem Eldem, Selcuk Esenbel, Suraiya Faroqhi*, Huricihan Islamoglu, Nevra Necipoglu, Zafer Toprak

Associate Professors: Arzu Ozturkmen, Asli Ozyar

Assistant Professors: Ahmet Ersoy, Paolo Girardelli, Anthony Greenwood*, Cigdem Kafescioglu, Yavuz Selim Karakisla, Vangelis Kechriotis, Oya Pancaroglu, Yucel Terzibasoglu, Derin Terzioglu, Meltem Toksoz

Instructors: Lale Babaoglu Balkis, Ellen Cary Bearn, Mariko Erdogan, M Zeynep Tlabar*, Fatma Ture, Lale Uluc*, Anestis Vasilakeris*, Guiyuan Yang

*Part-time

The undergraduate program in history is designed to introduce students to major conceptual tools and research methods of historical study, while providing a historical depth of field for the understanding of the contemporary world. The history of the Eastern Mediterranean basin in its social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions constitutes the geographic emphasis. Ottoman and Turkish history is a main focus along with other topics. Comparative perspectives and interdisciplinary approaches to the history of the region as well as to Asian and European history enrich the program.

The department offers a flexible and liberal curriculum. Students follow a core program, while taking a large number of elective courses in their own areas of interest. Introduction to history and the social sciences, methods and theories of historical study, world history, the social, economic, political and cultural aspects of the history of Anatolia and the Balkans from the medieval to the modern era constitute the subject matter of courses in the core program. The core program also includes courses in mathematics and statistics, in order to familiarize students with quantitative research methods. Students graduate with a thesis based on primary and secondary source material.

A rich and diversified pool of elective courses complement the core program. Elective courses offered by faculty members cover a broad range of topics in Asian, Islamic, Mediterranean, Byzantine, Ottoman, Modern Turkish, European, and American history. Courses in archaeology, and the history of art and architecture aim at introducing students to aspects of visual and material culture within these historical and geographical contexts. Students may choose from this pool of departmental electives, or take elective courses in social and political sciences and humanities included in the university's undergraduate curriculum.

Research languages constitute another component of the core program. While students who choose to concentrate on Ottoman history follow courses in Ottoman language and paleography, those who wish to focus on European or Byzantine history study Ancient Greek or Latin, in addition to an introduction to Ottoman. The students who choose this second option must start taking Greek or Latin in their second year. They are also required to have completed four semesters of either Greek ofr Latin by the beginning of their fourth year. To be able to expand their areas of research and develop comparative perspectives, students are also required to learn a modern language apart from English.

The department has double-major programs with the Departments of Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Sociology, and Turkish Language and Literature.


CORE PROGRAM

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

TOTAL: 142 credits

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CORE PROGRAM

HIST 101-102 Historical Method and Thought I, II (3+0+0) 3
(Tarihsel Yontem ve Dusunce)
An introduction to the discipline of history and its sources. The course is a survey of the varieties, traditions and analytical tools of historical writing. This course will include an introduction to historiography and practical training in the crafts of a historian such as library research, methodology of research and paper writing.

HIST 105 The Making of the Modern World I (3+0+3) 4
(Modern Dunyanin Olusumu I)
A comparative inquiry into the origins, development and interaction of world civilizations. Exploration of the ancient, classical, Byzantine, medieval, Islamic and early Renaissance past of the Mediterrannean region and the Near East; the impact of the early Turkic peoples in Central Asia and the Islamic World; the diverse cultures of South East Asia, China and Japan. Weekley discussion sessions and the study of audio-visual materials required.

HIST 106 The Making of the Modern World II (3+0+3) 4
(Modern Dunyanin Olusumu II)
A comparative exploration of the political, social and economic worlds of the three major Islamic empires of the early modern age; the Renaissance and the Reformation; the making of the absolutist states of Europe; science and commerce; the English Revolution and the Enlightenment; the American, French and Russian Revolutions of the modern age; the Industrial Revolution; nationalism and imperialism; World Wars I and II; the decline and transformation of China, Japan, India, the Ottoman world, Iran and Egypt in the modern age. Weekly discussion sessions and the study of audio- visual materials required.

HIST 221 Pre-Ottoman Turkish History (Osmanli-Oncesi Turk Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
A general survey of Turkish history from the earliest migrations out of Central Asia to the emergence of the Ottomans in Anatolia. Subjects include patterns of population movement; encounter to nomadic and sedentary lifestyles; Byzantine Empire; society and institutions of Seljuk Anatolia; cultural and religious life in Seljuk Anatolia, Mongol invasions and the rise of beyliks.

HIST 222 Ottoman History: The Classical Period (3+0+0) 3
(Osmanli Tarihi: Klasik Donem)
A history of the Ottoman state in the period 1300-1600, from its birth as a frontier state through the development of its classical institutions and civilization. The emphasis will be on political and institutional development.

HIST 241 Introduction to Western European Mediterranean, and Islamic Civilizations (From Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages) (3+0+0) 3
(Bati Avrupa, Akdeniz ve Islam Uygarliklarina Giris:
Ilkcagdan Ortacag Sonuna Kadar)
A survey course designed to introduce students to ancient and medieval history from a global perspective. Cultures in contact and conflict will be one of the main themes of the course. Students will develop an understanding of the basic features of the western and eastern pats of the world in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, as they trace the historical processes that accompanied the transition form ancient into medieval society, economy, politics, religion, and culture.

HIST 242 Western Societies, Politics, and Cultures: Renaissance to the Modern Era. (Bati Avrupa Toplumunda Siyaset ve Kultur: (3+0+0) 3
Ronesans'dan Modern Caglara Kadar)
This is to be a survey course designed to provide a basic understanding of issues in European history in 1400-1600. The course will examine such themes as the idea of the imitation of Ancient Greek and Roman culture leading to the creation of a new synthesis in politics, culture and the intellectual world of the Early Modern period. The emergence of Divine Right Monarchy, the role of Roman Law in the formation of the European state system, and the gradual advance of secularism will be examined.

HIST 321 Late Ottoman History (Gec Osmanli Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
A continuation to HIST 222, this course aims at an understanding of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, change and transformation of the "classical" system and of reform and modernization attempts until the beginning of the twentieth century.

HIST 322 History of Modern Turkey (Modern Turkiye Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
Study of the intellectual foundations of Modern Turkey. Analysis of the main political, social, economic and cultural currents in the Republican era. Nation state and nationalism as a major force in Turkey.

HIST 401-402 Historiography I, II (Tarih Yaziciligi I, II) (3+0+0) 3
A critical and comparative review of Western and Eastern historiography and literary methods. Special attention will be given to the relationship between the historian and his era.

HIST 495-496 Thesis I, II (Tez I, II) (3+0+0) 3
Analysis of a particular problem in history. Emphasis will be placed on sound methodological approach and comprehensive bibliographical research

ELECTIVE POOL COURSES

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ELECTIVE POOL

HIST 203 Introduction to Archaeology I (Arkeolojiye Giris I) (3+0+0) 3
Introduction to the field of archaeology, history of archaeology as a discipline in Europe and in Turkey, survey of archaeological methodology and techniques, site formation processes, analysis and interpretation of material culture, absolute and relative dating, interdisciplinary co-operation in archaeological projects.

HIST 204 Introduction to Archaeology II (Arkeolojiye Giris II) (3+0+0) 3
A critical review of recent theroretical debates: classical archeology vs. anthropological archeology, traditional vs. "New Archeology," post-processual archeology, congnitive archeology.
Prerequisite: HIST 203

HIST 205 Introduction to the History of Art and Visual Culture (3+0+0) 3
(Sanat ve Gorsel Kultur Tarihine Giris)
Introduction to the historical study of art and visual culture. A selective survey of major trends and significant monuments in world art and architecture. Cultural, political and aesthetical context of the production and use of works of art. Key concepts in the analysis and interpretation of visual arts; the place of art and visual culture in the wider cultural patterns of societies.

HIST 211 History of the Ancient Near East I (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Yakin Dogu Tarihi I)
Survey of major transformations in the early history of the Ancient Near East from mobile hunter gatherers to sedentary villagers, large urban centers, and state formation and early empires. Investigation of the areas including Anatolia, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Palestine.

HIST 212 History of the Ancient Near East II (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Yakin Dogu Tarihi II)
Survey of historical periods in the Ancient Near East within chronological framework from the end of the third millenium to the fifth century B.C., integration of archaeological evidence with textual information for the historical narrative of the development of the Near East until the impact of Hellenism.

HIST 213-214 Social and Economic History of Medieval Europe (3+0+0) 3
(500-1500) (Ortacag Avrupasi'nin Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Tarihi, 500-1500)
An introduction to Western European history from the breakup of the Roman Empire to the end of the 15th century, focusing on social and economic developments against the background of major political events. Topics include the peasant economy and feudal society, commerce and cities, the organization of medieval trade, guilds and urban industry, demography, social thought, minorities and the alienated in medieval society.

HIST 231-232 Islamic History and Civilization (3+0+0) 3
(Islam Tarihi ve Uygarligi)
A survey of the history of the Islamic world from the prophetic mission of Mohammed down to the 16the century, focusing on political, cultural and intellectual history.

HIST 233 History of the Balkans (Balkanlar Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
A survey course on the Balkan peninsula under Ottoman rule and the gradual emergence of nationally-inspired independence movements and polities during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

HIST 234 History of the Modern Middle East (3+0+0) 3
(Modern Orta Dogu Tarihi)
A course designed to provide students with and understanding of the gradual formation of the Middle East during and after Ottoman rule, starting with the rise of Mohammed Ali, with an emphasis on the processes of decentralization and autonomous state formation in the region until the end of World War I.

HIST 235 Ottoman Cultural History (3+0+0) 3
Survey of Ottoman cultural history from the early fourteenth to the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Critical readings in changing cultural realities of the Ottoman realm. Themes on the elite and popular culture, forms of Ottoman sociability, patterns of daily life, gender and the family, religious and intellectual practices, perceptions and uses of urban space, the question of reform and "westernization", strategies of self-identification and the status of non-Muslim communities.

HIST 301-302 Social Theory and History (Sosyal Teori ve Tarih) (3+0+0) 3
This course explores theoretical and methodological issues in historical research in the light of contemporary social theory. Theoretical models developed in the last century are studied, with special emphasis on recent discussions. Importance of terminology and analytical categories in the study of society and history is particularly stressed. The course also looks at how subject matter of historical research has shifted and expanded as a result of developments in social theory.

HIST 303 Oral History (Sozlu Tarih) (3+0+0) 3
Introduction to the theory and the methodology of the newly developing field of Oral History, with a focus on its contribution to historiography in general. Issues including narrative, interviewing techniques, life history and ethics in oral history research.

HIST 310 History of the Americas, 1750 to the Present (3+0+0) 3
(1750'den Gunumuze Amerika Tarihi)
Introductory material will deal with constructing a background of what the new world meant for the old in the context of mercantile capitalism. This will be followed by a survey of the interdependent and unequal development of two continents from George Washington to Simon Bolivar: The making of the American Revolution and its global significance. The course will also cover major topics such as the contradictions of US emergence as a world power, civil rights, populism, democracy and dictatorship in the American continent.

HIST 311-312 European Social and Economic History (3+0+0) 3
(Avrupa Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi)
This two-semester course is designed to provide students with an understanding of European social and economic development from the late Middle Ages to the early twentieth century. Particular stress is given to the rise of the bourgeoisie and capitalism, to changes in agricultural protoindustrial organization, the industrial revolution and nineteenth century industrialization as well as social movements of the same period.

HIST 313-314 History of Asian Civilizations I, II (3+0+0) 3
(Asya Uygarliklari Tarihi I, II)
A survey of the historical changes in East Asia with an emphasis on the traditional ideas and the institutions of Japan and China that have contributed to the dynamics of modernization in East Asia.

HIST 323 Intellectual History of the Late Ottoman Empire (3+0+0) 3
(Son Donem Osmanli Imparatorlugu Dusunce Tarihi)
This course will examine critically the intellectual transformations taking place in the Ottoman state between 1808 and 1914. The course will cover major trends such as Tanzimat Secularism, the Islamic reform movements of the 1860's and 1890's, and the emergence of Turkism. The material covered will range from the works of Namik Kemal to Yusuf Akçura, with a special emphasis on the Hamidian period (1876-1909).

HIST 324 Intellectual History of Republican Turkey (3+0+0) 3
(Cumhuriyet Turkiye'sinin Dusunce Tarihi)
This course will cover the emergence of Kemalism and the corporatist ideology of the early Republic (1924-1939), giving emphasis to topics such as the Turkish Hearths movement (Türk Ocaklari) and the ideology of movements which emerged out of Kemalism such as kadro group of intellectuals.

HIST 325-326 History of the Turkic Peoples (Turk Halklarin Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
A history of the Turkic peoples living in the Caucasus and Central Asia with an emphasis on their cultural, political and social conditions. Contemporary developments in the Turkic world will be discussed from an historical perspective.

HIST 331 History of Ancient Anatolia I (Ilkcag Anadolu Tarihi I) (3+0+0) 3
Survey of Anatolian archaeology and history from the third millennium B.C. to the end of the second millennium or the collapse of the Hittite Empire; Anatolian material culture and historical evidence in the framework of Eastern Mediterranean long-term developments.

HIST 332 History of Ancient Anatolia II (Ilkcag Anadolu Tarihi II) (3+0+0) 3
Survey of Anatolian archaeology and history from the end of the second millennium to the seventh century B.C. Anatolian material culture and historical evidence seen in Near Eastern and Aegean context.

HIST 333 Hittite History and Archaeology (Hitit Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi) (3+0+0) 3
Survey of material culture and translations of Hittite texts. Political and cultural history, mythology and religion, as well as developments in art and architecture; assesment of Hittite cultural synthesis in an Anatolian context and within the larger framework of the Eastern Mediterranean.

HIST 335-336 History of the Byzantine Empire (3+0+0) 3
(Bizans Imparatorlugu Tarihi)
A survey of Byzantine history from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 to the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1453. Examines major political, social, economic, and cultural developments, focusing on topics such as imperial ideology and institutions (the Church, the Emperor), urban and rural life, the aristocracy, women and the family, education, art, and literature. Byzantine developments will be placed in the context of the medieval world, including the Muslims, the Slavs, and the Latin West.

HIST 341 Aegean History and Archaeology I (3+0+0) 3
(Ege Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi I)
Survey of Aegean Archaeology starting from the Neolithic period to the end of the second millennium, covering mainland Greece, Aegean Islands, Western Anatolia, Crete and Cyprus.

HIST 342 Aegean History and Archaeology II (3+0+0) 3
(Ege Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi II)
Survey of Aegean archaeology and history from the end of the second millennium to the sixth century B.C.. The cultural foundations and basis of classical antiquity within the larger Eastern Mediterranean context.

HIST 351 Art and Architecture of the Islamic World I (3+0+0) 3
(Islam Dunyasinda Sanat ve Mimarlik I)
A survey of the art and architecture of the Islamic world between the 7th through the 13th centuries. Artistic patronage of various dynasties in the Middle East and the Mediterranean; aesthetical, cultural and political context of the production and use of works of art; cultural encounters with traditions within and outside of the Islamic world.

HIST 352 Anatolian-Seljuk Art and Architecture (3+0+0) 3
(Anadolu Selcuklu Sanati ve Mimarligi)
A survey of Anatolian-Seljuk art and architecture in the 12th and 13th centuries. Special emphasis on the cultural make up of medieval Anatolia, and on the interaction of diverse artistic practices of Anatolia, the Middle East and Central Asia.

HIST 353 The Art and Architecture of the Middle Ages (3+0+0) 3
(Orta Caglarin Sanat ve Mimarligi)
Medieval art and architecture in the Christian East, Europe and the Islamic world between the 4th and the 14th centuries. Emphasis on the larger cultural, political, and social context of medieval art and architecture; cross-cultural interactions and influences between the Christian and the Islamic worlds.

HIST 354 Renaissance, Baroque Art and Architecture (3+0+0) 3
(Ronesans, Barok Sanat ve Mimarligi)
A survey of trends in European art and architecture between the 14th and the 18th centuries. The role of the major urban centers of southern and northern Europe in shaping the new intellectual position of the artist in society; the meaning of the classical heritage; the role of patronage; the formation of genres; the interaction between centers and peripheries; the evolution of concepts of space in relation to social and scientific developments.

HIST 355 History of Modern Art and Architecture (3+0+0) 3
(Modern Sanat ve Mimarligin Tarihi)
A survey of artistic and architectural production from the late eighteenth century to recent trends. The connections between social transformations and the emergence of new paradigms of visual representation and expression; the interaction between regional and global trends, between western and non-western worlds, between tradition and innovation.

HIST 356 Art and Architecture of the Islamic World II (3+0+0) 3
(Islam Dunyasinda Sanat ve Mimarlik II)
A survey of the art and architecture of the Islamic world between the 14th and 19th centuries. Artistic patronage of various dynasties in the Middle East and the Mediterranean; aesthetical, cultural and political context of the production and use of works of art; cultural encounters with traditions within and outside of the Islamic world.

HIST 358 Architecture and Urbanism in the Mediterranean World (3+0+0) 3
(Akdeniz'de Mimarlik ve Sehircilik)
Architectural and urban practices in the Mediterranean basin in a wide range of political and cultural contexts from the late medieval period to the early twentieth-century. Comparative perspectives for the study of the material environment. The interconnected nature of architectural and urban practices around the Mediterranean, discussion of conventional definitions and categorizations such as "Islamic vs. Western," "Mediterranean."

HIST 403 History and Anthropology (Tarih ve Antropoloji) (3+0+0) 3
The course examines the evolution of the disciplines of anthropology and history, focusing on the recent developments in methodology, theory, and subject matter. The course will show how anthropology's comparative approach to economic activity, political organization, symbols and cultural communication, language, kinship, ritual and cultural performance has become important for historical understanding of societies and also how history has become an important part of anthropological research. Current state of anthropological and historical research is surveyed and interdisciplinary and comparative studies from both disciplines are discussed.

HIST 405 Methods in Economic History (Ekonomik Tarihte Yontemler) (3+0+0) 3
This course will offer students with special interest for economic history an analysis of the nature and methods of this field of studies. It will mainly concentrate on certain notions of economic theory, an analysis and criticism of sources, problems of interpretation and of methodology, with reference to illustrative cases in European and Ottoman economic history.

HIST 406 Financial and Monetary History (Finans ve Para Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
A branch of economic history, financial and monetary history concentrates mainly on problems related to financial, fiscal and monetary aspects of history. This course will sketch the main developments in this area both in Europe and the Ottoman Empire and thus provide students with information on monetary theory and policies, the birth and development of credit and banking institutions and the relationship between state and finance in history.

HIST 407 History and Architecture (Tarih ve Mimarlik) (3+0+0) 3
A history of world architecture from ancient times to the 20th century. Selective survey of major monuments and trends within their wider cultural and historical context. Key issues and concepts in the historical analysis and interpretation of architecture.

HIST 408 History and Urbanism (Tarih ve Sehircilik) (3+0+0) 3
A history of urbanism from ancient to modern times. Survey of available evidence on the emergence of the city, and its transformations through various periods in history up to the emergence of the industrial city. Special emphasis on the Near East and the Mediterranean basin. Discussion of notions of "city" and "urbanism" in various contexts.

HIST 411 Nationalism and Imperialism 1789-1914 (3+0+0) 3
(Milliyetcilik ve Emperyalizm, 1789-1914)
This course will examine the emergence of the idea of Nationalism from its beginnings in the French Revolution to the outbreak of the Great War. It will be a course which combines a theoretical assessment of nationalism with the actual development of events. The ideology of the French Revolution and the transformation of the original ideas in documents such as the declaration of the rights of man and citizen, the 1848 movements and the emergence of Colonialism will constitute major themes.

HIST 412 History of War and Revolution 1900-1945 (3+0+0) 3
(Savas ve Devrim Tarihi, 1900-1945)
This course will be a study of the First and Second World Wars as an outcome of Nationalism and Imperialism. The rise of Fascism, the Russian Revolution, and the emergence of single party regimes in Germany and Italy will be the major topics of study.

HIST 413-414 History of the 20th Century (Yirminci Yuzyil Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
This course will focus mostly on the post-World War II world of decolonization, the emergence of Third World nationalism, Asian and African state formation, and the Cold War. In the European context, the main topics will be the emergence of the idea of the Common Market from the Treaty of Rome to the present day.

HIST 415-416 Seminar in Ottoman History (Osmanli Tarihi Semineri) (3+0+0) 3
An in-depth study of selected topics in Ottoman history from the rise of the Empire down to the Tanzimat. The course will be organized around readings on selected themes in institutional, social and intellectual history.

HIST 417 Economic History of the Twentieth Century (3+0+0) 3
(Yirminci Yuzyilin Iktisat Tarihi)
Study of economic and social history with special emphasis on Europe and the United States since the First World War through various dramatic social and political uphievals, economic crises and frequent wars. Effects of these developments on the rest of the world. Contemporary debates about capitalist economies (societies) through a historical perspective.

HIST 421-422 Ottoman Social and Economic History (3+0+0) 3
(Osmanli Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi)
Complementing courses on Ottoman history and parallel to courses on European social and economic history, these courses will address the main issues related to economic and social life in the Ottoman Empire, and aspects of change starting with the sixteenth century; special emphasis will be given to the economic organization of the Empire, the role of the state in the economy, the impact of Western economies on the Ottoman economy, and the attempts at modernization/rationalization of the nineteenth century.

HIST 423-424 Social and Economic History of Republican Turkey (3+0+0) 3
(Cumhuriyet Donemi Turkiye Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi)
A critical and comparative review of the social and economic development of Republican Turkey. Emphasis will be on the cultural trends, demographic changes and urbanization.

HIST 425 History of the Middle East in the Nineteenth Century (3+0+0) 3
(Ondokuzuncu Yuzyil Orta Dogu Tarihi)
The dynamics of the capitalist transformation in the region from the end of the eighteenth century to World War I. The impact of Ottoman administration on the social and economic life of the Middle East. The analysis of rural-urban and inter-communal relations, the emergence of new communal and social structures, the rise of local nationalisms.

HIST 426 History of the Middle East in the Twentieth Century (3+0+0) 3
(Yirminci Yuzyil Orta Dogu Tarihi)
The transformation of the region during and in the aftermath of World War I. The colonial and state-building experiences of the post-Ottoman period. The social and political impact of the colonial legacy, of nationalism, and of political Islam. The role of the state in economic policy making from post-World War II interventionism to post-1980 liberalization.

HIST 431-432 Chinese History I, II (Cin Tarihi I, II) (3+0+0) 3
Selected topics in the history of imperial and modern China. The course will emphasize major periods and themes in the political, social, and economic developments as well as the cultural, intellectual, and institutional history of the Chinese world.

HIST 433-434 Japanese History I, II (Japon Tarihi I, II) (3+0+0) 3
Selected topics in the history of feudal and modern Japan. The course will emphasize major periods, topics in the political, social, and economic developments as well as the cultural, intellectual, and institutional history of Japan.

HIST 435-436 Central Asian History (Orta Asya Tarihi) (3+0+0) 3
Analysis of nomads and the frontier in Central Asian history with an emphasis on major sources. The course will also cover the history of the nomadic peoples in Eurasia and their cultural, political and economic relations with sedentary civilizations.

HIST 443 Seminar in Byzantine History (Bizans Tarihi Semineri) (3+0+0) 3
Detailed investigation of a selected topic in the social, economic, political, or cultural history of the Byzantine Empire, with particular attention to major controversies or disputed questions of historical analysis and interpretation. Students are expected to read relevant primary sources in English translation, explore archaeological and/or artistic evidence if available, and evaluate critically the secondary literature on the chosen topic.

HIST 444 Seminar in Medieval European History (3+0+0) 3
(Ortacag Avrupasi Tarihi Semineri)
Detailed investigation of a selected topic in the social, economic, institutional, or cultural history of the medieval West, A.D. 500-1500. Particular attention will be given to historigraphical controversies or disputed questions of historical analysis and interpretation. Students will familiarize themselves with a wide range of primary sources and secondary texts.

HIST 445-446 Seminar in Mediterranean History (3+0+0) 3
(Akdeniz Tarihi Semineri)
The aim of this seminar will be to concentrate on the Mediterranean basin as a whole, over a period extending from the rise of the Italian city-states to world-war I. This global vision will, in a more or less Braudelian way, extend to the political, economic, social and cultural history of this region, analyzing its rise to predominance until the seventeenth century and its gradual decay from the eighteenth century on.

HIST 447-448 Seminar in Modern European History (3+0+0) 3
(Modern Avrupa Tarihi Semineri)
This will be an upper level course consisting of reading and paper writing on topics seen in HIST 411-412 or HIST 413-414.

HIST 449 Seminar in Ottoman Sources (Osmanli Kaynaklari Semineri) (3+0+0) 3
A selected reading of Ottoman sources in English and Turkish. Each selection will be studied for what it reveals about Ottoman culture, society and institutions.

HIST 451 Ottoman Art and Architecture (Osmanli Sanat ve Mimarligi) (3+0+0) 3
A survey of Ottoman art and architecture from the 14th to the early 20th century. Emergence of Ottoman artistic practices within the context of the cultural and political milieu of late medieval Anatolia and Balkans; formation of new visual idioms and transformations of Ottoman art as they parallel broader transformations in Ottoman state and society; the relation of Ottoman art and culture to neighbouring and contemporary cultures.

HIST 452 Architecture in Republican Turkey (3+0+0) 3
(Cumhuriyet Turkiye'sinde Mimarlik)
Modern Turkish architecture and city planning during the 20th century. Special emphasis on the planning and physical development of Ankara in the formative years of the Turkish Republic. Surveys of the emergence of the "First National Architectural Movement" after the 1908 revolution, the impact of the European modernist movement in the early decades of the republic, the emergence of the "Second National Architectural Movement" in the 1950's and early 1960's.

HIST 453 Seminar in the History of Art and Architecture (3+0+0) 3
(Sanat ve Mimarlik Tarihi Semineri)
In-depth study of a selected topic in the history of art and architecture. Discussion of major studies and relevant primary sources on the subject, and examination of central issues related to the topic. Aims to familiarize students with the conceptual tools of the discipline through the study of a particular issue.

HIST 455-456 History of Performing Arts in Turkey (3+0+0) 3
(Turkiye'de Gosteri Sanatlari Tarihi)
This course focuses on the history of social and cultural performances in Ottoman and Republican Turkey. The course attempts to define "performance" and to study its relevance for an understanding of Turkish history. The history of various performing arts is surveyed, with a focus on the formal, contextual, social and functional transformations through time and space.

HIST 471 Readings in Ancient Near Eastern Texts I (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Yakin Dogu Metinlerinde Okumalar I)
Introduction to the cuneiform writing system, Akkadian grammar and vocabulary. Translations of simple texts (i.e. Hammurapi's Law Codex).

HIST 472 Readings in Ancient Near Eastern Texts II (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Yakin Dogu Metinlerinde Okumalar II)
Akkadian grammar and vocabulary, translations of texts from Old Assyrian Merchant Archives.
Prerequisite: HIST 471

HIST 475 Readings in Ancient Anatolian Texts I (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Anadolu Metinlerinde Okumalar I)
Introduction to Hittite cuneiform and grammar. Translation of simple texts.

HIST 476 Readings in Ancient Anatolian Texts II (3+0+0) 3
(Ilkcag Anadolu Metinlerinde Okumalar II)
Introduction to Hittite cuneiform and grammar. Translation of simple texts.

Japanese Language Program

JP 101-102 Beginners Japanese I, II (Japonca'ya Giris I, II) (3+0+0) 3
The course will introduce conversational, reading, writing, and comprehension skills to the student. Basic Japanese grammatical forms, the different systems of writing such as the Hiragana, Katagana, Romanji will be stressed. As an introduction to ideograms, or Kanji, 350 Kanji will be taught.

JP 201-202 Intermediate Japanese I, II (Orta Duzey Japonca I, II) (3+0+0) 3
The course is designed to teach intermediate Japanese. Complex sentence structures, passive-active voice, formal "polite forms" of writing and speech and other forms of a more advanced level of Japanese will be taught. Basic conversation, reading, writing skills will be stressed and in addition 500 new Kanji will be taught.
Prerequisite: JP 101-102.

JP 301-302 Advanced Japanese I, II (Ileri Duzey Japonca I, II) (3+0+0) 3
The course is designed to teach Advanced Japanese together with JP 302, JP 101-102, JP 201-202, and/or an intermediate level of Japanese will be required as prerequisite. The basic grammar forms and usage learned in the first two years of instruction will be strengthened. The course will teach an advanced level reading and writing. The course will continue JP 301 as advanced Japanese. The course will emphasize the teaching of an advanced level reading and writing.

JP 401-402 Advanced Japanese I, II (Ileri Duzey Japonca I, II) (3+0+0) 3
The course will complete Advanced Japanese with JP 402. The course will instruct students in advanced level reading material dealing with several topics in social sciences, natural sciences, technical subjects. Translation from advanced level text on Japanese history, culture, literature will be made. The course will complete the four year Japanese language teaching, readings translations of advanced level texts will be developed.

JP 501-502 Translation of Modern and Classical Japanese Texts I, II (3+0+0) 3
(Cagdas ve Klasik Japonca metinler Cevirisi I, II)
Focus on the development of skills in advanced Japanese reading and writing. Development of technical skills in the translation of modern and classical Japanese works. Familiarization with the grammar and vocabulary of classical Japanese.

CHINESE LANGUAGE PROGRAM

CHIN 101 Beginners Chinese I (Cince'ye Giris I) (3+0+0) 3
Emphasis on intensive reading, conversation and simple sentence structures in grammar. Listening, writing, and introduction to 100 ideograms.

CHIN 102 Beginners Chinese II (Cince'ye Giris II) (3+0+0) 3
Emphasis on intensive reading, conversation and grammar. Listening, writing, and another 100 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 101 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 201 Intermediate Chinese I (Orta Duzey Cince I) (3+0+0) 3
Emphasis on reading and complex structures in grammar. Conversation and additional 200 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 102 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 202 Intermediate Chinese II (Orta Duzey Cince II) (3+0+0) 3
Emphasis on reading and more complex structures in grammar. Conversation and additional 200 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 201 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 301 Advanced Chinese I (Ileri Duzey Cince I) (3+0+0) 3
Reading, grammar, conversation, and writing at advanced level. Introduction to readings in Chinese culture. Use of additional 300 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 202 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 302 Advanced Chinese II (Ileri Duzey Cince II) (3+0+0) 3
Extending reading, grammar, conversation, and writing at advanced level. Readings in Chinese culture. Additional 300 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 301 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 401 Readings in Chinese Culture I (3+0+0) 3
(Cin Kulturu Uzerine Okumalar I)
Reading, grammar, conversation, and writing. Advanced readings in Chinese history and culture. Learning additional 500 ideograms of advandced vocabulary on history and culture.
Prerequisite: CHIN 302 or consent of instructor.

CHIN 402 Readings in Chinese Culture II (3+0+0) 3
(Cin Kulturu Uzerine Okumalar II)
Reading, grammar, translation according to Chinese ability. Readings in classical Chinese literature. Use of additional 500 ideograms.
Prerequisite: CHIN 401 or consent of instructor.

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